Deir el-Bahari

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Deir el-Bahari (Arabic: دير البحري dayr al-baḥrī, “The Northern Monastery”) is a complex and extensive archaeological site on the West Bank of Luxor, ancient Thebes, in Upper Egypt. Dramatically situated within a semi-circular bay in the eastern slope of the limestone massif that forms the desert plateau along the western edge of the Nile valley—at the foot of the highest local elevation, presently known as al-Qurn—Deir el-Bahari is framed by precipitous 100 metre-high vertical rock cliffs immediately to its west, the elevation and landform gradually softening to the north and north-east before merging in the range of hills designated as Dra Abu el-Naga. To the south and south-west, Deir el-Bahari is separated by a rocky spur from another, smaller valley popularly known as the "Valley of the Royal Cache"; beyond this, another smaller valley (the "Valley of the Eagles") is situated.

cf. the thoughts of early excavator Edouard Naville regarding the site of Deir el-Bahari (1894)

In the first instance—and as currently reconstructed and conserved—Deir el-Bahari constitutes an impressive assemblage of pharaonic mortuary temples, cult sanctauries and private tombs from the late Second Intermediate and early New Kingdom periods, chief among which are the funerary and religious monuments of Mentuhotep II, Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Secondary usage of the site included a Third Intermediate Period cemetery, shrines to local deities during the Ptolemaic Period and the location of a Christian monastery and settlement in the Coptic Period.

It is this last settlement that apparently gave rise to the current Arabic toponym for the site, the 'Northern Monastery' referring to a monastery (likely named for St Phoibamon) which was built on the upper terrace of the erstwhile Temple of Hatshepsut from the 6th century CE onwards. The remains of its structures were obliterated in the course of excavations carried out by the Egypt Exploration Fund in the 1890s. (The relative geographic designation 'Northern' serves to distinguish this monastery from Deir el-Medina, the "Monastery of the Town", which was maintained in and around the Ptolemaic Period Temple of Hathor approximately 1 km south of Deir el-Bahari).

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Site Components

Listed in order of construction:

Foundation deposit, Deir el-Bahari
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Foundation deposit, Deir el-Bahari
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Bibliography

The bibliography for Deir el-Bahari represents one of the most extensive collections of publications for any archaeological site. Following is a compendium of all available scholarly works relating both to the site as a whole, and its constituent parts. Select bibliographies are also included on the pages for each consitituent part of the site.

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General / Reference

  • Lexikon der Ägyptologie I: 1006-1025
  • PM 340-377
  • Vandier, Manuel II , 1: 158-166, II , gw 669-680, 796-799
  • Coptic Encyclopaedia III: 779-781
  • Blue Guide, pp.575-579.
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Monographs

  • Arnold, Dieter [1974a], Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari, 1: Architektur und Deutung, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1974.
    • [1974b], Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari, 2: Die Wandreliefs des Sanktuares, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1974.
    • [1979], The Temple of Mentuhotep at Deir el-Bahri. From the Notes of Herbert Winlock, [= PMMA, 21], New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1979. [AEB 79.536]
    • [1981], Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari, 3: Die Königlichen Beigaben, [= AV, 23], Mainz: Philip von Zabern 1981. [AEB 81.0865]
    • [1992], Die Tempel Ägyptens: Götterwohnungen Kultstätten, Baudenkmäler, Zürich: Artemis and Winkler, 1992, pp.134-138, 140-141.
    • [1993], Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari, 4: Relieffragmente des Mentuhotep, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1993.
    • [1994], Lexikon der ägyptischen Baukunst, München: Artemis, 1994, pp.159-160. (Temple of Mentuhotep II).
  • Bataille, André [1951], Les inscriptions grecques du temple de Hatshepsout à Deir el-Bahari, [Publications de la Société Fouad I de Papyrologie, Textes et Documents 10], Le Caire: IFAO, 1951.
  • Dorman, Peter F. [1988], The Monuments of Senenmut: Problems in Historical Methodology, London: Kegan Paul International, 1988. ISBN 0710303173
    • [1991], The Tombs of Senenmut. The Architecture and Decoration of Tombs 71 and 353, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991. ISBN 0870996207
  • Łajtar, Adam [2006], Deir el-Bahari in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. A Study of an Egyptian Temple Based on Greek Sources, [The Journal of Juristic Papyrology Supplement IV], Warsaw, 2006. ISBN 8391825035 BMCR Review
  • Laskowska-Kusztal, Ewa [1984], Deir el-Bahari, 3: Le Sanctuaire Ptolemaique de Deir el-Bahari, Warsaw: Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, 1984. [AEB 84.0776]
  • Lipinska, Jadwiga [1977], Deir el-Bahari, 2: The Temple of Tuthmosis III: Architecture, Warsaw: PWN, 1977. [AEB 77.480]
    • [1984], The Temple of Thutmosis III: Statuary and Votive Monuments, [Centre d'archéologie méditerranean dans la République Arab d'Egypte au Caire, Deir el-Bahri 4], Warsaw: Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, 1984. [AEB 84.0833]
  • Marciniak, Marek [1974], Deir el-Bahari, 1: Les Inscriptions hiératiques du Temple de Thoutmosis III, Warsaw: Centre d'Archéologie Mediterranéen et Centre Polonais d'Archéologie Mediterranéen dans la RAU, 1974.
  • Naville, Édouard [1894-1898], The Temple of Deir el Bahari, (= EEF, 12-14, 16, 19, 27, 29). 7 volumes, London, 1894-1898.
    • [1907-1913], The XIth Dynasty Temple at Deir el-Bahari, (= EEF, 28, 30, 32). 3 volumes, London, 1907-1913.
  • Niwinski, Andrzej K. [1995], La seconde trouvaille de Deir el-Bahari (sarcophages), Tome premier-deuxième fascicule, Musée du Caire: le Caire, 1995
  • Tefnin, Roland [1979], The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut: Results of the Investigations and Conservation Works of the Polish-Egyptian Archaeological and Preservation Mission, Deir el-Bahari, 1968-1972, 1, The Ateliers for Conservation of Cultural Property (PKZ): Warsaw, 1979.
    • [1980], The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut: Results of the Investigations and Conservation Works of the Polish-Egyptian Archaeological and Preservation Mission, Deir el-Bahari, 1972-1973, 2, The Ateliers for Conservation of Cultural Property (PKZ): Warsaw, 1980.
    • [1985], The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut: Results of the Investigations and Conservation Works of the Polish-Egyptian Archaeological and Preservation Mission, Deir el-Bahari, 3, The Ateliers for Conservation of Cultural Property (PKZ): Warsaw, 1985.
  • Werbrouck, Marcelle [1948], Le temple d'Hatshepsout à Deir el Bahari, Fondation égyptologique Reine Élisabeth: Bruxelles, 1948.
  • Winlock, Herbert E. [1942], Excavations at Deir el-Bahri, 1911-1931, New York: Macmillan, 1942.
    • [1945], The Slain Soldiers of Nebhepetre-Mentuhotep, [PMMA 16], New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1945.
  • Wysocki, Zygmunt, et alii [1979], The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut: Results of the Investigations and Conservation Works of the Polish-Egyptian Archaeological Mission, 1968-1972, State Enterprise for the Conservation of Cultural Property: Warsaw, 1979.
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Articles

  • Aksamit, Joanna [2001], "The Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari", Egyptian Archaeology 18 (2001), pp.21-24.
  • Allen, James P. [1996], "Some Theban Officials of the Early Middle Kingdom", in Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson, [BMFA I], 1996, pp.1-26.
  • Arnold, Dieter [1971], "Sechster Vorbericht über die vom Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo in Qurna unternommenen Arbeiten (= 8. Kampagne)", MDAIK 27 (1971), pp.125-130.
    • [1972a], "Bericht über die vom Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo im Mntw-htp Tempel und in El-Tarif unternommenen Arbeiten", MDAIK 28.1 (1972), pp.13-32.
    • [1972b], "Weiteres zur Keramik von el Tarif", MDAIK 28,1 (1972), pp.33-46.
  • Baraize, E. [1906], "Sur quelques travaux de consolidation exécutés en fevrier et mars 1906 á Deir el-Baharî", ASAE 7 (1906), pp.15-154.
  • Barakat, Abu el-Ayun [1981], "The Temple of Kha'-'Akhet in Western Thebes", MDAIK 37 (1981), pp.29-33.
  • Barwick, M. (with a contribution by Monika Czerniec) [2003], "New Data Concerning the Third Intermediate Period Cemetery in the Hatshepsut Temple at Deir el-Bahari", in Strudwick, Nigel and Taylor, John H. (eds), The Theban Necropolis: Past, Present and Future, London: British Museum Press, 2003, pp.122-130. ISBN 0714122475
  • Beaux, Nathalie [1995], "La chapelle d'Hathor de Thoutmosis III à Deir el-Bahari", VA 10 (1995), pp.59-66.
  • Beaux, Nathalie and Karkowski, Janusz [1993], "La chapele d'Hathor du temple d'Hatchepsout à Deir al-Bahari: Rapport préliminaire", BIFAO 93 (1993), pp.7-24.
  • Bruyère, B. [1957], "Une nouvelle famille des prêtres de Montou trouvée par Baraize à Deir el-Bahari", ASAE 54 (1957), pp.11-33.
  • Carter, Howard [1901], "Report on the tomb of Mentuhotep Ist at Deir el-Bahari, Known as the Bab el-Hoçan", ASAE 2 (1901), pp.201-205.
  • Czerner, Rafal and Medeksza, Stanislaw [1992-1993], "The New Observations on the Architecture of the Temple of Thutmosis III at Deir el-Bahari", in: Acts 6th ICE (1992-1993), II, pp.119-123.
  • Dabrowski, Leszek [1964], ASAE 58 (1964), pp.43-47.
    • [1970], "The Main Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri", JEA 56 (1970), pp.101-104.
  • Dabrowska-Smektala, E. [1968], ASAE 60 (1968), pp.95-130.
  • Danelius, Eva and Steinitz, Heinz [1967], "The Fishes and Other Aquatic Animals on the Punt-Reliefs at Deir el-Baḥri", JEA 53 (1967), pp.15-24.
  • Daressy, Georg [1900], "Les sépulture des prêtres d'Amon á Deir el-Bahari", ASAE 1 (1900), pp.141-148.
  • Dixon, D.M. [1969], "The Transplantation of Punt Incense Trees in Egypt", JEA 55 (1969), pp.55-65.
  • Dodson, Aidan [1988], "Two Royal Reliefs from the Temple of Deir el-Bahari", JEA 74 (1988), pp.212-214.
  • Edwards, I.E.S. [1965], "Lord Dufferin's Excavations at Deir el-Bahri and the Clandeboye Collection", JEA 51 (1965), pp.16-28. [AEB 65.156]
  • Gerster, Georg [1966], "A Temple of Thutmosis III in the Deir el Bahari Ruins", Illustrated London News 249 (1966), pp.18-19.
  • Gorski, H.J. [1990], MDAIK 46 (1990), pp.99-112.
  • Gorski, H.J. and Wiercinska, J. [1983], Études et Travaux 12 (1983), pp.80-83.
  • Gilbert, Pierre [1977], "Le temple de Thoutmosis III à Deir el-Bahari", CdÉ 52 (1977), pp.252-259.
  • Hayes, William C. [1957], "Varia from the Time of Hatshepsut", MDAIK 15 (1957), pp.78-90.
    • [1960], "A Selection of Thutmoside Ostraca from Der El Bahri", JEA 46 (1960), pp.29-52. (publication of a series of limestone ostraka that detail construction information for the Temple of Thutmosis III, including details of the visier Rekhmire's involvement).
  • Karkowski, Janusz [1976], "Studies on the Decoration of the Eastern Wall of the Vestibule of Re-Horakhty in Hatshepsut's Temple at Deir el-Bahari", Études et Travaux 9 (1976), pp.67-80.
    • [1978], "Deir el-Bahari, 1973-1974: Travaux égyptologiques", Études et Travaux 10 (1978), pp.397-406.
    • [1983], "The Arrangement of the Architraves in Hatshepsut's Temple at Deir el Bahari", 'Études et Travaux 13 (1983), pp.139-153.
    • [2001], "The Decoration of the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari", in Szafrański, Zbigniew E. (ed.), Queen Hatshepsut and Her Temple 3500 Years Later [= Królowa Hatszepsut i jej swiatynia 3500 lat pózniej], Warsaw: Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza A. Grzegorczyk, 2001, pp.99-157. ISBN 8388823752
  • Karkowski, Janusz and Winnicki, J.K. [1983], "Amenhotep, Son of Hapu, and Imhotep at Deir el-Bahri: Some Reconsiderations", MDAIK 39 (1983), pp.93-105. [AEB 83.1049]
  • Kitchen, Kenneth A. [1963], "A Long-Lost Portrait of Princess Neferurēʿ from Deir el-Baḥri", JEA 49 (1963), pp.38-40.
  • Knell, Heiner [1970], "Der Tempel der Hatschepsut in Theben-West (Deir el-Bahri)", Antike Welt 1.1 (1970), pp.44-47.
  • Laskowska-Kusztal, E. [1978], “Un atelier de perruquerier à Deir el-Bahari", Études et Travaux 10 (1978), pp.83-120.
  • Lipińska, Jadwiga [1966a], ASAE 59 (1966), pp.63-98.
    • [1966b], "The Portraits of Tuthmosis III Newly Discovered at Deir el-Bahri, in Mélanges Offerts à Kazimierz Michalowski, Warsaw, 1966, pp.129-138.
    • [1967], "Names and History of the Sanctuaries Built by Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Baḥri", JEA 53 (1967), pp.25-33.
    • [1968a], ASAE 60 (1968), pp.139-152.
    • [1968b], ASAE 60 (1968), pp.153-204.
    • [1968c], ASAE 60 (1968), pp.205-212.
    • [1968d], Études et Travaux 2 (1968), pp.80-97.
    • [1969], "The Architectural Design of the Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari", MDAIK 25 (1969), pp.85-89.
    • [1992], "'Blinded' Deities from the Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari", in: Fs Kákosy, 1992, pp.387-388.
    • [1992-1993], "Deir el-Bahari, Thutmosis III Temple: Seven Seasons of Work", ASAE 72 (1992-1993), pp.45-48.
  • Marciniak, M. [1974], Les inscriptions hiératiques du Temple de Thoutmosis III [= Inskrypcje hieratyczne ze swiatyni Totmesa III], [Deir el-Bahari I], Warszawa: PWN-Editions scientifiques de Pologne, 1974.
  • May-Sheikholeslami, Cynthia [2003], "The Burials of Priests of Montu at Deir el-Bahari in the Theban Necropolis", in Strudwick, Nigel and Taylor, John H. (eds), The Theban Necropolis: Past, Present and Future, London: British Museum Press, 2003, pp.131-137. ISBN 0714122475
  • Ockinga, Boyo [1995], "Hatshepsut's Election to Kingship: the Ba and Ka in Egyptian Royal Ideology", BACE 6 (1995), pp.89-102. - provides an excellent examination of the royal birth inscriptions from Deir el-Bahari within their wider context
  • Pawlicki, Franciszek [1998], "Deir el-Bahari: Restoring Hatshepsut's Temple", Egyptian Archaeology 12 (1998), pp.15-17.
  • Phillips, Alan K. [1986], "Observation on the Alleged New Kingdom Sanatorium at Deir el-Bahari", GM 89 (1986), pp.77-83.
  • Schmitz, Bettina [1984], "Zwei Grundungsbeigaben Thutmosis' III im Pelizaeus-Museum, Hildesheim", SAK 11 (1984), pp.521-528. - publication of two objects from the foundation deposits of Thutmosis III's mortuary temple with comments on the nature of that structure
  • Schott, Siegfried [1955], "Der Krönnungstag der Hatshepsut", NAWG 6 (1955), pp.195-219. [AEB 4220]
  • Sowada, Karin N. [1994], "A Relief Fragment from the Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari", Mediterranean Archaeology 7 (1994), pp.175-183
  • Stadelmann, Rainer [1978], "Tempel und Tempelnamen in Theben-Ost und -West", MDAIK 34 (1978), pp.171-180.
  • [1979], "Totentempel und millionenjahrhaus in Theben", MDAIK 35 (1979), pp.303-323.
  • Szafranski, Zbigniew E. [1995], "On the foundations of the Hatshepsut Temple at Deir el-Bahari", in: Fs Barta (1995), pp.371-374.
  • Tefnin, Roland [1975], "La chapelle d'Hathor du temple d'Hatshepsut à Deir el-Bahari: La recherche de l'harmonie dans l'architecture égyptienne", CdÉ 50, 99-100 (1975), pp.136-150.
  • Werbrouck, Marcelle [1952], Le cirque de Deir el-Bahari, Reflets du Monde: Revue bimestrielle de diffusion scientifique 1 (Brussels, 1952), pp.1-16.
  • Wiercinska, J. [1990], Études et Travaux 14 (1990), pp.62-90.
    • [1992], Études et Travaux 16 (1992), pp.264-269.
  • Wildung, Dietrich [1977], Imhotep und Amenhotep: Gottwerdung im alten Ägypten, [Münchner ägyptologische Studien 36], München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1977. ISBN 3422008292
  • Witkowski, M. [1998], "Der Tempel der Königin Hatschepsut in Deir el-Bahari, seine Geschichte, Erforschung und Rekonstruktion", Antike Welt 29 (1998), pp.41-56.
  • Wysocki, Zygmunt [1978], "Deir el-Bahari, 1973-1974", Études et Travaux 10 (1978), pp.387-395.
    • [1980], "The Upper Court Colonnade of Hatshepsut's Temple at Deir el-Bahri", JEA 66 (1980), pp.54-69.
    • [1983a], "The Discoveries, Research and the Results of the Reconstruction Made at the Rock Platform and the Protective Walls over the Upper Terrace in the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri", MDAIK 39 (1983), pp.243-253.
    • {1983b], "The Results of Research, Architectonic Studies and of Protective Work over the North Portico of the Middle Courtyard in the Hatshepsut Temple at Deir el Bahari", MDAIK 40 (1983), pp.329-349.
    • [1985a], "The Discovery and Reintegration of Two Niches in the East Chamber of the Queen Hatshepsut's Main Sanctuary at Deir el-Bahri", in Mélanges Gamal Eddin Mokhtar, BdE 97/2 (1985), pp. 361-378.
    • [1985b], "The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri: The Results of Analysis and Studies on the Meaning of the Lines Retained on the South Revetment of the Middle Courtyard Temple", MDAIK 41 (1985), pp.293-307.
    • [1986], "The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari: Its Original Form", MDAIK 42 (1986), pp.213-228. [AEB 86.0657]
    • [1992a], "Deir el-Bahari, saisons 1982-1985", Études et Travaux 16 (1992), pp.435-463.
    • [1992b], "Deir el-Bahari - Temple of Hatshepsut, 1986-1988 seasons", Études et Travaux 16 (1992), pp.465-485.
    • [1992c], "The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari: The Raising of the Structure in View of Architectural Studies", MDAIK 48 (1992), pp.233-254.
  • Wysocki, Zygmunt and Karkowski, Janus [1975], "Deir el-Bahari, 1971-1972", Études et Travaux 8 (1975), pp.341-348.
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External links

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