Historical topography
From ArchaeoWiki
Historical topography (topo-, "place", and graphia, "writing") concerns the study and recording of both the physical features of the planet and their human cultural analogues, both simultaneously and discretely, as they have developed throughout time.
With regard to the ancient Near East and Egypt in particular, historical topography has traditionally been most concerned with the identification of settlement sites mentioned in ancient textual sources, though purely physical features have also been of interest. This identification has frequently served as a process preliminary to further investigation, such as archaeological excavation.
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