Lachish
From ArchaeoWiki
Lachish (Hebrew: תל לכיש Tel Lachish, Arabic: Tell ed-Duweir) is an important archaeological site in the Shephelah region of Israel.
Contents |
Discovery and Identification
William Foxwell Albright was the first to identify Tell ed-Duweir with ancient Lachish, on the basis of indications from Eusebius' Onomastikon - an identification that was at first generally accepted.
Excavation
The Wellcome-Marston Archaeological Expedition
Tel Lachish was first excavated in the 1930s by the British Wellcome-Marston Archaeological Expedition under the direcion of James Leslie Starkey.
- the Fosse Temple
University of Tel Aviv Excavations
A new series of excavations was undertaken at Tel Lachish by an expedition from the University of Tel Aviv, under the direction of David Ussishkin.
- Area S - stratigraphic section (step trench) cut in the western edge of the mound (2 rows of 16 squares)
Stratigraphy
An article published recently by Fantalkin and Tal [2006] seeks to connect the “substantial architectural remains” of Lachish Level I to the enahnced efforts of the Persian military to secure the south Levantine frontier against Egypt about 400 BCE, this attribution involving a correction of fifty years.
Egyptian and Egyptianising Finds
Metal Objects
Pottery
In common with a number of other neighbouring sites, the excavations at Tel Lachish revealed a number of ceramic objects and fragments with hieratic inscriptions of significance to the Egyptian administration of Canaan in the late New Kingdom period.
External links
Bibliography
Excavation Reports
- Tufnell, Olga, Inge, Charles H. and Harding, Lankester [1940], Lachish II (Tell ed-Duweir) - the Fosse Temple, [The Wellcome-Marston Archaeological Research Expedition to the Near East], Oxford University Press, 1940.
- Tufnell, Olga (ed.) [1953], Lachish III (Tell ed-Duweir): The Iron Age, (with contributions by Margaret A. Murray and David Diringer), 2 volumes, [The Wellcome-Marston Archaeological Research Expedition to the Near East III], London, New York, Toronto: Published for the Trustees of the late Sir Henry Wellcome by the Oxford University Press, 1953.
- [1958], Lachish IV (Tell ed-Duweir): The Bronze Age, (by Olga Tufnell, D.F.W. Baden-Powell, Dorothe M.A. Bate, Jaroslav Cerny, etc.), 2 volumes, [The Wellcome-Marston Archaeological Research Expedition to the Near East IV], London, New York, Toronto: Published for the Trustees of the late Sir Henry Wellcome by the Oxford University Press, 1958.
- Ussishkin, David (ed.) [2004], The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994), [Publications of the Institute of Archaeology 22], 5 volumes, Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 2004. ISBN 9655266017 contents (PDF)
- Contents: v. 1. Introduction. The Bronze Age stratigraphy and architecture -- v. 2. The Iron Age stratigraphy and architecture -- v. 3. The Pre-Bronze Age and Bronze Age pottery and artefacts -- v. 4. The Iron Age and Post-Iron Age pottery and artefacts -- v. 5. Supplementary studies.
- Barkay, G. and Ussishkin, D. [2004], “8. Area S: The Late Bronze Age Strata”, in Ussishkin, D. (ed.), The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) - Volume I, Part II: The Bronze Age Stratigraphy and Architecture, [Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology Monograph Series 22], Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 2004, pp.316-361.
Derivative Studies
- Bietak, Manfred [2002], “The Function and Some Architectural Roots of the Fosse Temple at Lachish”, in Oren, E.D. & Aḥituv, Sh. (eds), Aharon Kempinski Memorial Volume - Studies in Archaeology and Related Disciplines, [Beer-sheva 15], Beersheva: Ben Gurion University of the Negev Press, 2002, pp.56-85.
- Clamer, C. [1980], “A Gold Plaque from Tel Lachish”, TA 7 (1980), pp.152-162, pl.36.
- Clamer, C. and Ussishkin, D. [1977], “A Canaanite Temple at Tell Lachish”, BA 40 (1977), pp.71-76.
- Cross, Frank Moore [1984], “An Old Canaanite Inscription Recently Found at Lachish”, TA 11.1 (1984), pp.71-76.
- Fantalkin, Alexander and Tal, Oren [2006], “Redating Lachish Level I: Identifying Achaemenid Imperial Policy at the Southern Frontier of the Fifth Satrapy”, in Lipschits, Oded and Oeming, Manfred (eds), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006, pp.167–197.
- Gilula, M. [1976], “An Inscription in Egyptian Hieratic from Lachish”, TA 3 (1976), pp. 107-108, pl.5.
- Giveon, Raphael [1983], “An Inscription of Ramesses III from Lachish”, TA 10 (1983), pp. 176-177, pl.30.
- Goldwasser, Orly [1982], “The Lachish Hieratic Bowl Once Again”, TA 9 (1982), pp. 137-138.
- Krauss, R. [1994], “Ein wahrscheinlicher Terminus post quem für das Ende von Lachisch VI”, MDOG 126 (1994), pp. 123-130.
- Lalkin, Nir [2004], "A Ramesses IV Scarab from Lachish", TA 31.1 (2004), pp.17-21.
- Na’aman, Nadav [2000], “The Contribution of the Trojan Grey Ware from Lachish and Tel Miqne-Ekron to the Chronology of the Philistine Monochrome Pottery”, BASOR 317 (2000), pp.1-7.
- Ortiz, Stephen M. [2006], “Does the ‘Low Chronology’ Work? A Case Study of Tell Qasile X, Tel Gezer X, and Lachish V”, in Maeir, A.M. and Miroschedji, P. de (eds), “I Will Speak the Riddle of Ancient Times”—Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, Volume 2, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006, pp.587-611. ISBN 1575061031
External links
- Ussishkin, David, Excavations and Restoration Work at Tel Lachish - Tel Aviv University web site
